Europe

Placing Colbert in the circumstances of his times, Geoffrey Treasure shows that he was much more than an efficient bureaucrat.

Graham Noble illustrates Luther's anti-Jewish views and distinguishes them from those of the Nazis.

The peace treaty that temporarily ended hostilities between France and Britain during the Revolutionary Wars was signed on 25 March 1802.

During the Commonwealth years England's navy scored a series of notable victories against the Dutch and Spanish, but the heroes of the navy were army men, not sailors. Michael Baumber scrutinises the career of the greatest general-at-sea, Robert Blake, who put new heart into the Senior Service. 

Prophet of European unity or pre-Hitler nationalist bent on wiping out Germany's Versailles humiliation? Sixty years after his death, Jonathan Wright reassesses the career and motives of Germany's leading statesman of the 1920s.

Michael Vickers considers the original value of Greek ceramics, and why it has become inflated in recent centuries.

Jonathan Williams and Andrew Meadows review the history of the various currencies that were replaced by the Euro.

The Holy Roman Emperor died on January 23rd, 1002.

Geoffrey Roberts explains the fateful sequence of events from the Nazi-Soviet Pact to Hitler's invasion of the USSR. 

F.G. Stapleton defends the record of Italian governments from 1861 to 1914.