Religion

David McKinnon-Bell assesses the degree to which Philip II's policies were motivated by religious zeal.

Michael Mullett shows how the reform of the Catholic Church in sixteenth-century Europe sprang from medieval origins but that, in important ways, it was affected by the Protestant Reformation.

P.G. Maxwell-Stuart examines the impact of early Christianity on notions of magic and definitions of witchcraft.

David McKinnon-Bell analyses the state of France around 1598 and explains why recovery under Henry IV was so rapid.  

Stewart MacDonald introduces the humanist scholar whose writings made him one of the most significant figures of 16th-century Europe.  

Debra Higgs Strickland examines the extraordinary demonology of medieval Christendom and the way it endowed strangers and enemies with monstrous qualities.

The radical Italian thinker was burned at the stake on February 17th, 1600.

Akhbar Ahmed argues that the rise of Muslim fundamentalists means that Islamic leaders face a choice between moderation or militancy.

Claire Cross shows how the experiences of English Protestant exiles on the Continent, and Continental exiles in England, affected Protestantism in the Sixteenth Century.

Ian Bradley reflects on the origins and development of Christmas carols.