Europe

'All roads lead to Rome' – tribute to a phenomenon that held a world empire together. But who built them and how were they planned and maintained? Logan Thompson tells us more.

Fools' gold, Dr Faustus - traditional images of a Renaissance black art. But was there more to it than that? Zbigniew Szydlo and Richard Brzezinski offer an intriguing rehabilitation.

Malcolm Crook takes a fresh look at the eighteenth-century alliance between philosophers and kings.

Presentation of the past as a seed-bed of modernity gives it bogus relevance to modern concerns. Two hundred and fifty years after the battle of Culloden Jeremy Black looks at a classic instance – the military challenge of the Jacobites.

The Eternal City was captured after a year-long siege on December 17th, 546.

From pigeon post to the Internet - Dagmar Lorenz on how the communications revolution has produced the global village.

Andrea Wolter-Abele looks at how machines and industrial society provoked new concepts of creativity.

Gordon Marsden reviews the millennium exhibition that challenges preconceptions about the European nation state.

Alfred Rosenberg, Joachim von Ribbentrop and others were condemned on 16th October, 1946.

Peter Wiseman offers some intriguing thoughts on the world of the emperor Domitian - its traumas and terrors - to mark the 1900th anniversary of his assassination.