Europe

John Dunne follows historians along the trail signposted by Geyl fifty years ago.

Robert Pearce distributes a survival kit for the most hazardous causation question of all.

Martin Pugh charts the Women's Movement's origins and growth 1850-1939.

'All roads lead to Rome' – tribute to a phenomenon that held a world empire together. But who built them and how were they planned and maintained? Logan Thompson tells us more.

Fools' gold, Dr Faustus - traditional images of a Renaissance black art. But was there more to it than that? Zbigniew Szydlo and Richard Brzezinski offer an intriguing rehabilitation.

Malcolm Crook takes a fresh look at the eighteenth-century alliance between philosophers and kings.

Presentation of the past as a seed-bed of modernity gives it bogus relevance to modern concerns. Two hundred and fifty years after the battle of Culloden Jeremy Black looks at a classic instance – the military challenge of the Jacobites.

The Eternal City was captured after a year-long siege on December 17th, 546.

From pigeon post to the Internet - Dagmar Lorenz on how the communications revolution has produced the global village.

Andrea Wolter-Abele looks at how machines and industrial society provoked new concepts of creativity.