Europe

The Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III died on April  2nd, 1657.

Kevin Shillington looks at the impact on Africa of the slave trade, and its abolition 200 years ago this month.

Philip Morgan explains why Italians have tended to gloss over the period 1940-43, when Mussolini fought against the Allies, preferring to remember the years of German occupation 1943-45.

Christopher J. Walker asks whether the two religions that frequently appear locked in an inevitable clash of civilizations in fact share more than has often been thought.

Robert Carr dissects a book frequently referred to but seldom read.

Simon Lemieux explain why witch-hunting ended when so many Europeans supported it.

Robin Evans examines the connections between language, culture and national identity in 19th-century Galicia.

Jörg Friedrich’s horrifying account of the Allied bombing raids caused a stir on its first publication in Germany. Now it has been translated into English, and York Membery has canvassed some leading British historians for their views.

Tony Rothman recalls one of the turning points of early modern history, when a heroic defence prevented the rampant Ottoman forces from gaining a strategic foothold in the central Mediterranean.

Robert I. Burns and Paul E. Chevedden describe how a much-besieged citadel became the focus for Christian-Muslim co-existence in medieval Spain.