Social

Taxation 1688-1914

Patrick O'Brian evaluates the costs and benefits of Hanoverian and Victorian government.

Carthage: The God in the Stone

‘Carthage must be destroyed’ - words from Cato the Elder to seal the Punic city’s fate in its epic struggle with Ancient Rome. But what was its religion and society like?

Alchemy: New Light on a Dark Art

Fools' gold, Dr Faustus - traditional images of a Renaissance black art. But was there more to it than that? Zbigniew Szydlo and Richard Brzezinski offer an intriguing rehabilitation.

What is Fascism?

In the second instalment of a two part article, Roger Eatwell chooses between rival definitions of a slippery word