Military

Edgar Feuchtwanger assesses Bismarck's controversial career and legacy.

Paul Dukes takes a fresh look at the Cold War in the light of some recurring themes of Russian and American history since the 18th century.

Charles Maechling argues that the Japanese attack, which took place on December 7th 1941, was partly a response to the country's limited energy resources.

Michael Paris looks at the romanticised image of war in boys’ popular fiction prior to 1914, and at the sustaining appeal of the genre in spite of the realities of that event.

Jon Silverman asks whether Britain’s sporadic and tardy efforts to pursue Nazi war criminals reflects a lack of skill or a lack of will.

David McKinnon-Bell analyses the state of France around 1598 and explains why recovery under Henry IV was so rapid.  

Patrick Wilson assesses the importance of Operation Dynamo.

What did Hitler mean by Lebensraum? Did he attempt to translate theory into reality? Martyn Housden 'unpacks' the term and puts it into historical context.

Napoleon's forces surrendered to the British in Malta on September 5th, 1800.