Military

Robert Curthose invaded England on July 21st, 1101.

John Erickson reviews the recent controversies surrounding Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union.

Richard Cavendish marks the anniversary of an important Scandinavian battle, which took place on April 2nd, 1801.

Edgar Feuchtwanger assesses Bismarck's controversial career and legacy.

Paul Dukes takes a fresh look at the Cold War in the light of some recurring themes of Russian and American history since the 18th century.

Charles Maechling argues that the Japanese attack, which took place on December 7th 1941, was partly a response to the country's limited energy resources.

Michael Paris looks at the romanticised image of war in boys’ popular fiction prior to 1914, and at the sustaining appeal of the genre in spite of the realities of that event.

Jon Silverman asks whether Britain’s sporadic and tardy efforts to pursue Nazi war criminals reflects a lack of skill or a lack of will.

David McKinnon-Bell analyses the state of France around 1598 and explains why recovery under Henry IV was so rapid.