Napoleonic Era

Since ownership passed from Spain to Britain in 1713, the Rock of Gibraltar has played an ambiguous – sometimes unwelcome role – in British history.

Harold Kurtz traces colonial influence from the days of Cromwell, to those of Napoleon.

Geoffrey Powell describes how, while Napoleon occupied Holland, the British seized the Dutch bases in Ceylon.

In the year of Napoleon’s coronation, writes Ann Kindersley, three patriotic Serbs officially asked for the help of the Tsar in their revolt against the Turks.

Oliver Warner questions whether Calder's reprimand for his action with the French in 1805 was just.

Reaction to the death of André-Ernest-Modeste Grétry far exceeded the fame of the Belgian-born composer during his lifetime. The cult-like status he achieved beyond the grave reflects the power of music in turbulent times and reveals new attitudes to mourning, says James Arnold.  

Why we should take greater account of Waterloo’s aftermath.

One of Napoleon's most prominent enemies among authors cast the Duke, during the Allied Occupation of Paris, in the role of Saviour of France. She was not much mistaken, writes Harold Kurtz.

Few who met Napoleon Bonaparte failed to find him fascinating as well as formidable. Felix Markham portrays the Emperor as his Marshals, Ministers, servants and family saw him at the height of his power. 

Harold Kurtz continues the story of France's Napoleonic traitor.