Spain

After spending almost half her life in exile, the former Queen of Spain died on 9th April, 1904.

Peter Anderson identifies the groups, the grievances and the events which started the war.

The House of Trade was set up in Seville on January 20th, 1503, granting the city the exclusive right to trade with the New World.

Simon Lemieux examines the hard facts about the Inquisition and counters the common caricature.

Roger Boase looks at a Spanish example of religious and ethnic cleansing.

David McKinnon-Bell assesses the degree to which Philip II's policies were motivated by religious zeal.

John Sullivan charts the fortunes of the radical Basque nationalist movement in its attempts to gain independence from Spain.

It is often said that the 'ifs of history' are fascinating but fruitless. Here, Rob Stradling shows that a counter-factual consideration of what might have happened allows us new insights into the significance of what did happen.

Laura Rodriguez finds that, in spite of the devastating outcome for Spain of the Cuban conflict of 1898, there were some positive consequences.

When in 1681 pirate Bartholomew Sharpe captured a Spanish ship and with it a detailed description of the west coast of the Americas, he gave English cartographers a field day and won himself an unexpected acquittal. James Kelly explains.