Social

Not all young Germans were enthusiasts for Hitler Youth ideas - and some actively opposed them.

'I have been ostracised by my native country.... I am boycotted by my adopted country'. During the two world wars Germans in Britain found themselves to be enemy aliens, victims of suspicion and prejudice in a country which had been their refuge from a hostile homeland.

It was not only the Jews who fled from Tsarist persecution in the late 19th century. Immigrants from Lithuania came to Scotland en route for the United States and many stayed.

'A re-banished Jewry weeping beside the waters of Modern Babylon'. Between 1880 and 1914 the mass exodus of Jews from Russia and Poland fled hunger and persecution and came west.

Putting women back in the record? Rewriting the past? Ghetto history? Gender analysis? Eight historians ask what is women's history?

Robin Gwynn examines the arrival of Huguenot French to England in the 17th century.

A.J.G.Cummings explores Scotland's links with Europe from 1600-1800.

Low birth rates have obsessed the French since their defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, argues Richard Tomlinson.

A new form of antiquarianism? Celebrating experience at the expense of analysis? Seven leading historians seek to define social history.

On 4th April 1944, Anne Frank wrote, 'I want to go on living even after my death!' Four months later, she and her family left for a concentration camp after capture by the Gestapo, and she died from typhus at Bergen-Belsen in March 1945, aged fifteen years.