Political

In 1580, Portugal was joined with Spain in a sixty-year long and unpopular union.

Hitler's contribution to the history of the twentieth century has been one of destruction. The war he started in 1939, argues Jeremy Noakes, was to recast the pattern of our world irreparably.

Peter Beck sets contemporary reportage of and reaction to the 1924 Olympics in the context of their times.

by J. L. Hammond and Barbara Hammond. Edited by John Rule.

Overburdened by taxation, the people of Naples, as Neil Ritchie explains, led by a poor fishmonger's boy and inspired by Giulio Genoino's vision of a more just society, rose in revolt against their Spanish overlords.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the longest-serving American President, has been accused of 'spineless government that betrayed the integrity of American ideals'. S.G.F. Spackman shows us that there are other ways of interpreting his policies.

The refugee supporters of the House of Stuart, explains Bruce Lehman, made new lives for themselves as Europeans, achieving success as bankers, merchants, soldiers, churchmen and diplomats.

Gandhi's lasting significance lies, perhaps, not so much in what he actually did, but what he stood for.... Men like him may be done to death, but their message is not silenced in the making of this century.

On 15 January 1559, England’s 25-year-old sovereign left Whitehall to be crowned Queen. 

After the French Revolution, the colony of Guadeloupe experienced many upheavals and was, for much of the time, virtually independent. Nevertheless it kept the French flag flying against both Americans and British, its garrison deriving much strength from its newly-freed slaves. When Napoleon came to power, the black population revolted the Black Consul’s racist policies. H.J.K. Jenkins retells the story.