Fascism

Richard Storry describes how the Army Mutiny of February 1936 was the climax of revolutionary nationalism in Japan. Its outcome meant action against China, and in the end led to Pearl Harbour

Elizabeth Wiskemann describes how Hitler ruthlessly consolidated his power in Germany by the slaughter of some of his closest former colleagues.

There were repulsive sides to Fascist Italy; but Mussolini’s movement sprang from deeply patriotic sources, and endured for two decades.

David Mitchell introduces the Italian Romantic poet who played a brief part upon the European political stage.

On both sides, writes David Mitchell, during three years of conflict, political passions ran high.

A man of obsessions, a passionate racialist with a romantic belief in the virtues of the ‘sturdy peasant farmer’, Quisling ruled war-time Norway as a devoted pupil of the Nazi government.

Geoffrey Warner describes a politically polarising event which would later influence the formation of French fascism and the Vichy state.

The decade before the Nazi occupation was a period of bitter division in France, raising questions about the nature of French fascism.

Michael D. Biddiss describes one of the chief originators of the pernicious racist doctrines that have played so malevolent a part in the history of modern Germany. Gobineau was a French historian whom a nineteenth-century German professor once described as a ‘God-inspired hero’.

The issues raised by Philip Morgan in a 2007 article on Italian Fascism have been rekindled, says Christopher Duggan.