Empire

Emile de Groot on the often fractious but ever-intimate relationship between European powers and Egypt.

Arthur Waley on the pioneering French explorer and early scholar of Indian culture.

T.H. McGuffe analyses the failure of Admiral Byng to relieve the besieged British forces against French onslaught.

A.J. Halpern queries the source of Russia's disputed status as a European state.

Christopher Sykes delivers a historical backdrop to mid-20th century tension on the Persian Gulf.

A man of deep convictions, George III ruled at a time “when kings were still expected to govern. That he failed to acquire “true notions of common things”, Lewis Namier writes, was “perhaps the deepest cause of his tragedy.”

S. Pollard discusses one of history's most controversial financial reformers.

While it is right to seek justice for those tortured and mistreated during the Kenyan Emergency of the 1950s, attempts to portray the conflict as a Manichean one are far too simplistic, argues Tim Stanley.

Motives of commerce and trade, Eric Robson suggests, carried just as much weight in the founding of the 13 American colonies as the desire of Puritan emigrants for liberty of conscience and a life of independence.

King Leopold II’s personal rule of the vast Congo Free State anticipated the horrors of the 20th century, argues Tim Stanley.