Poland

Poland's May Days 1791

The first modern constitution in Europe? On the occasion of its bicentenary, Robert Frost looks at the background to a landmark in Polish history which, though it triggered the final disaster of partition by the country's greedy neighbours, was a work of enlightened reform, not revolution. 

Poland's Dream of Past Glory

Norman Davies finds that Poland is a repository of ideas and values which can outlast any number of military and political catastrophies.