Europe

A New Home for the Wasa

Julie Richards-Williams on the salvaging of a 17th-century Swedish warship.

Medieval Christmas

Existing elements of pagan midwinter rites fused with the developing theology of Christmas in an appeal to the senses of both sacred and lay.

'The Barbarians Across the Ocean': Britain Through Roman Eyes

Peter Salway examines the image Roman writers and commanders had of their island province.

On Crime & Punishment

'They do this for their Christian faith and for the saving of souls' – as Russians travelled west, they began to notice moral divides between the countries they visited and their own society.

Russia and Europe

Paul Dukes sets the scene for a series of articles on the rise of Russia from the seventeenth century.

The Spanish Ulcer

A book on the history of the Peninsular War and another review of a title on Portugal as seen by British Diplomats and traders.

Agesilaos & the Crisis of Sparta

Though hymned by writers as an exemplum of Sparta's virtue, was Agesilaos the author as well as the spectator of her decline and fall?

Greece, Ancient and Modern - Subsistence and Survival

'Plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose'... many of the agricultural practices described in the art and literature of classical Greece persist to the present day.

Barricades against Fascism: The Popular Front in Europe

Paul Preston and Helen Graham discuss the tension developing in the Europe of the 30s as the Left attempted to unite against the growth of Fascism and the bloody timetable of political collapse, uprisings and mutiny that transformed a half-successful coup d'etat into a protracted civil war.