England

J.W. Blake describes the development of a maritime empire of trade, built by traders.

Eynon Smart describes how, when the third Dutch War began in 1672, Charles II and his Ministers were faced with financial needs; a reprieve for the Exchequer was their answer, but it disturbed the country’s banking system.

David Weigall describes a period when women emerged in politics as lively petitioners.

Robert Halsband describes how, in 1731, the Leader of the Opposition and a supporter of Sir Robert Walpole fought a celebrated duel in Green Park, London.

L. Curtis Musgrave describes how willingness among medieval students to battle for their rights’ that, during the course of years, helped to shape the modern university system.

Iris Macfarlane describes how the Malabar coast in western India was the earliest scene of European sea-borne trade.

John B. Morrall describes how the ideals of monarchy came to be combined with the theory of Natural Common Law.

William Noblett profiles Newbery; Goldsmith’s friend and financial aide was the first English publisher to make a lucrative business out of producing books designed for children.

John Nowell introduces and translates a contemporary portrait of the eighteenth-century actor at work, originally penned by G.C. Lichtenberg.

Clifton W. Potter profiles the leader of the Parliamentary Jacobites in the early eighteenth century.