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As thousands of pupils prepare for their exam results, Richard Willis describes the origins of school examinations in England.

Julius Caesar first landed in Britain on August 26th, 55 BC, but it was almost another hundred years before the Romans actually conquered Britain in AD 43.

Jonathan Hughes discovers the humanity of Thomas Charnock, a forgotten Elizabethan alchemist in search of the philosopher’s stone.

John MacKenzie suggests that imperial rule and the possession of empire were an essential component of British identity, life and culture for over 200 years from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries.

The Magyars of Hungary were defeated by an army led by Otto I, on August 10th, 955.

A late-Roman coin unearthed in an Oxfordshire field and on show in the Ashmolean Museum leads Llewelyn Morgan to ponder the misleading messages on the faces of coins.

Paul Doolan visits a new museum in Geneva that presents the history of Reformed Christianity and Calvinism as a key and positive factor in European history.

Robert Pearce gives a historian’s-eye view of George Orwell’s classic novel.

Martin Evans mourns the loss of Douglas Johnson, doyen of French political history in Britain.

Mark Roodhouse finds a dark secret in one of the champions of the 1945 Labour landslide.