History Today

Norman A.F. Smith explores the use through history of the water-mill and dams.

J. H. M. Salmon looks at Romantic literary interpretations of Oliver Cromwell.

The preservation of the past must inevitably pose particular problems in a city which is literally a living monument to the Middle Age of African history, especially when its mud walls are crumbling and its gates are barely wide enough for animals, far less motorised vehicles. An article by John Lavers.

Bryan Little promotes the notion that a whole city may be considered as a single monument which both commemorates many phases of history and which has survived frorn one phase to the next.

In the century between the union of the Crowns in 1603 and the Parliaments in 1707, was Scotland a backward nation with no influence south of the border asks David Stevenson.

In 1951 Leopold III of Belgium was forced to abdicate after a disastrous reign in which his country was overrun by Germany and he himself taken prisoner. It was a tragedy very much of his own making argues James Marshall-Cornwall

In the second article of The Resurgence of Islam Dr. Leila Ahmed, an Egyptian scholar who has taught at the United Arab Emirates University, examines the Islamic past - that of the Prophet Muhammad and the first four 'right-guarded caliphs' - to which the leaders of the current resurgence in the Islamic world seek a return.

According to Lindsey A.J. Hughes, Peter the Great's programme of Westernisation was neither as unheralded nor such a break with the past as has sometimes been suggested.

With the increase in Irish immigration into Britain in the mid-nineteenth century, concern arose about the resurgence of Catholicism. Yet not all women in convents were helplessly detained there, as explains Walter L. Arnstein.

Far from being a recent development, student control was a factor in the early growth of the university as an institution argues Alan B. Cobban.