Radical Conservatives and the Federal Union

Britain’s Second World War Conservatives and their utopian dream of world government. 

From left to right: Clementine Churchill, Richard Law, Léon Blum and Winston Churchill, Chartwell, 10 May 1939. Associated Press/Alamy Stock Photo.

We like to think that we know what the Second World War was fought for: freedom, democracy and the defeat of Germany and the evils of fascism. Compared to subsequent conflicts, the aims of the war seem self-evident and straightforward. But back in 1939, none of this was clear.

Faced with a war he had desperately sought to avoid, no one was more tight-lipped about war aims than the prime minister, Neville Chamberlain. Concerned about alienating potential allies – how, for example, would a battle for ‘Christian civilisation’ sound to the atheistic Soviet Union – and fearful that bellicose demands might prevent a German domestic revolt against Hitler, Chamberlain chose a combination of silence and platitudes as his communication strategy.

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