A Fatal Guarantee: Poland, 1939

Despite Britain’s commitment to appeasement, the 1939 Agreement of Mutual Assistance with Poland led London into the Second World War. What changed?

German reichsminister of foreign affairs minister Joachim von Ribbentrop (left) and Polish foreign minister Józef Beck (right) are greeted by a guard of honour at Warsaw station, 25 January 1939. Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe. Public Domain.

‘It was in virtue of this that we went to war.’ Thus, William Strang, a Foreign Office official and later Permanent Under-Secretary, described the guarantee of Poland’s independence that the British and French Government gave that country on 30 March 1939.

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