The XYZ Affair
Twenty years after the Declaration of Independence, writes Louis C. Kleber, the Americans, now at peace with Britain, were involved in tortuous negotiations with the Directory of the French Republic.
Twenty years after the Declaration of Independence, writes Louis C. Kleber, the Americans, now at peace with Britain, were involved in tortuous negotiations with the Directory of the French Republic.
During the first half of the nineteenth century, as Tocqueville perceptively remarked, Russia and the United States had grown to nationhood almost unnoticed. ‘The world learned of their existence and their greatness at almost the same time’. By Paul Dukes.
In the centenary year of the Declaration of Independence, a deeply troubled American Republic went to the polls to elect a new president. A close and bitter election followed, fought in the shadow of scandal and fraud.
Robert Cecil describes how the preacher’s influence in the years before the American Revolution was as great as that of the press, and in New England probably greater.
As Governor and Senator, Huey Long, established a radical dictatorship in his native Louisiana; Peter J. King writes how, at the time of his death, Long was nourishing nation-wide ambitions.
The Burr Conspiracy, writes Raymond A. Mohl, was an early expression of the spirit of ‘Manifest Destiny’ on the American continent.
John M. Coleman draws a distinction betweent the Thirteen Colonies and the rest of North America.
In the spring of 1777, writes Arnold Whitridge, an ardent young French nobleman set sail from Bordeaux to avenge himself against Britain.
Chinese labour in South African mines presented a problem to Liberal consciences, writes John Lehmann.
D.H. Burton writes that Roosevelt was one of the chief architects of an Anglo-American understanding that survived many diplomatic crises.