Military

S.G.F. Brandon marked the nineteenth centenary of the fall of the Holy City.

Soon after their humiliating reverse at Weardale, writes I.M. Davis, the English recognized Scottish independence in the Treaty of Northampton.

Falkland’s death alone, wrote Clarendon, would have branded the Civil Wars as ‘infamous and execrable’. Desmond Henry asks whether the young man sought to end his own life in a mood of deep depression?

Aram Bakshian Jr. asserts that the impression of the Prince as a dashing cavalry commander scarcely does justice to the whole man.

Ivan Morris asserts that, among the legends of the prehistoric Japanese past, it is the aura of failure and tragedy surrounding his end that establishes Yamato Takeru as a model hero.

Desmond Seward describes the abrupt end of a European military and financial institution.

Christopher Sinclair-Stevenson describes the failure of the unfortunate Pretender’s first attempt to invade Scotland.

One of the last battles of the English Civil Wars – the Battle of Surbiton – took place in the county of Surrey, a few miles south of London in 1648.

David Jones describes how romanized Gothic and Vandal leaders overran the capital of a declining Empire in the fifth century.

For Serbs the 1389 Battle of Kosovo was a physical defeat against the Ottoman Turks, but a moral victory that formed the backbone of Serbian national identity.