England

Conrad Russell finds that it is easier to understand why sheer frustration may have driven Charles to fight than to understand why the English gentry might have wanted to make a revolution against him.

Rosemary Day considers Oxford and Cambridge in the Tudor and Stewart age

At the start of the reign of Charles II, government was the King's business and factions contested for the monarch's ear. The constitutional changes in later Stuart England added a new, parliamentary dimension to faction. But it did not disappear.

In the third of our series of articles on faction, Kevin Sharpe shows how, in the early 17th century, the monopoly of patronage by a court favourite distorted the pattern of politics in council, court and parliament.

In the second of our article on Governing the Capital, Ian Doolittle argues that it was during the great reforming Liberal ministry of Gladstone in 1880-85, that the City of London came nearest to being voted out of existence

John Kellett asks whether new proposals for the government of London in the 1880s would have created an enclave of revolution and radicalism in England, as had been the case in France in 1871.

Barrie Trinder examines the cradle of the Industrial Revolution.