From the Restoration in 1660 until 1714, England was intermittently at war with first the Dutch and then the French - and it became imperative, argues Howard Tomlinson, that the country should have an adequate central armoury for general ordnance equipment.
Keith Robbins considers the plurality of the Edwardian church, its relations with the state, and its responses to social change.
Charles Mordaunt, Third Earl of Peterborough, 1658-1735, is probably best remembered as the captor of Barcelona in 1705. Aram Bakshian Jr. shows that, in addition to being a soldier, he was also 'a sailor, courtier, conspirator, diplomat, wit and rake'.
Ian Kershaw on an English translation of a German history of Nazi government
Taking the waters became a Victorian passion and spa towns flourished. In this article the first prize winner in History Today's Essay Competition Pamela Steen, a student at the Open University, describes the pleasure and the pains of this fashion.
Ziggi Alexander and Audrey Dewjee consider the life of a remarkable Victorian woman.
James Walvin looks at attitudes to black people in the context of slavery
Paul Edwards profiles two black men who settled in 18th Century Britain.
Ian Bradley shows that the characters and plots of Gilbert and Sullivan's operas reveal much that is of interest to the historian about certain individuals and institutions of the Victorian era.
William Hogarth's representations of black people in the 18th century.
