Volume 52 Issue 11 November 2002
Michael Rosenthal and Martin Myrone look beyond the traditional view of Gainsborough and argue for a view of the painter beyond that of society portraitist, as a modernist responding to the broader themes of his times.
Colin Jones discusses the art and artifice of the leading mistress of Louis XV.
Jonathan Wright looks at the career of the statesman who might have steered Germany safely through the Weimar era.
Andrew Cook relates the story of Sidney Reilly - the inspiration behind James Bond.
Pope Boniface VIII issued the papal bull Unam Sanctam, the most famous papal document of the Middle Ages, on November 18th, 1302.
Twelve years after the first stone of the new building was laid, the state opening of the new Houses of Parliament took place on November 11th, 1852.
Celebrating the library and the University of Oxford’s greatest benefactor.
Louise Curth, Gareth Shaw and Andrew Alexander explain how the British supermarket was born.
King Æthelred ordered the massacre of Danes in England on November 13th, 1002.
As Gibraltar conducts a referendum on its future, Martin Murphy shows the degree to which its status was determined by rivalries between the 18th-century Great Powers.