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Edward I

The Hunt for William Wallace

Andrew Fisher asks who William Wallace really was, and why he has become an icon of Scottish resistance to the English.

The Art of Kingship: Edward I

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Edward I (r. 1272-1307)

Known as Edward Longshanks. Plantagenet king of England. His active role as a prince taught him valuable political and military skills. He fought in Wales (which he conquered), in the baronial civil wars in England against Simon de Montfort, and on the Eighth Crusade (1270). Edward defeated John Balliol and William Wallace in Scotland in the 1290s, earning the soubriquet 'Hammer of the Scots', but could not unite England and Scotland under one crown, and his son Edward II was forced to recognize Scottish independence. The need to fund simultaneous wars with Scotland and France elevated the importance of Parliament.

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