Volume 49 Issue 11 November 1999

Robert I. Burns and Paul E. Chevedden describe how a much-besieged citadel became the focus for Christian-Muslim co-existence in medieval Spain.

Jonathan Riley Smith reports as Malta celebrates the anniversary of its Sovereign Military Order

Penny Young explores Bethlehem’s plans to make the small town of Judaea central to the millennium celebrations.

Jad Adams weighs the evidence for Kitchener's rumoured homosexuality.

Christine Counsell robustly defends the teaching of history in secondary schools, arguing that press attacks on ‘trendy’ teaching are ill-informed and out-of-date.

The exhibition 'Faces of the Century', at the National Portrait Gallery, presents the 100 choices of ten leading figures from British politics, art, music, business and media that represent Britain in the 20th century.

Ron Clough shows how the arrival of the railway in Japan helped break down suspicion of foreigners and ushered in the country’s modern industrial expertise.

Hugh Purcell argues that the increasing popularity and sophistication of television and radio history makes broadcasting the boom medium for learning about the past.