Anglo-Saxon England and the Meaning of Britain

What did Britain and the Britons mean to the Anglo-Saxons, and what did it mean to be their ruler? 

St. Edwin of Northumbria in the stained glass window of St Mary, Sledmere, Yorkshire. Leoboudv (CC BY 2.0).

What did medieval writers mean when they referred to ‘Britain’? They seem to have had a fairly clear idea of the geographical location and dimensions of the whole island, and were fond of repeating the description by Gildas in the early sixth century: 

‘The island of Britain, situated on almost the utmost border of the earth, towards the south and west … stretches out from the southwest towards the North Pole, and is 800 miles long and 200 broad, except where the headlands of sundry promontories stretch farther into the sea.’

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