Richard I

The Norman Conquest brought French kings, language and culture across the Channel. What did that mean for medieval England?

Steven Runciman’s profile of Richard the Lionheart, written at a time of impending crisis in Anglo-Cypriot relations, offers a nuanced and sensitive portrait, writes Minoo Dinshaw.

J.J.N. McGurk describes how Gerald’s later years were filled with his excellent books on Wales and his unsuccessful struggle for a bishopric.

St George only gained popularity in England in the 15th century and Richard the Lionheart had nothing to do with his adoption as the nation’s patron saint.

Richard the Lionheart was born in Oxford on 8 September 1157.

Described by John Ruskin as “the most beautiful sacerdotal figure known to me in history,” the heroic bishop triumphantly upheld his office against two proud and strong-willed English sovereigns.

Sir Steven Runciman profiles a fabled Englishman, concerned with the political and military relationships between East and West.

What made for a good medieval king? Understanding Richard I – better known as Richard the Lionheart – is a good place to start.