Issue 44 December 2002

Northumberland

Mark Rathbone examines the varied reputation of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland.

The Press and Desacralisation

The essay entitled 'How important was the press in the desacralisation of the French monarchy in 1789?', by Olivia Grant of St Paul's Girls' School, was awarded the Julia Wood Prize out of 136 entries. An edited version appears below; a second award was made to Richard Eschwege of City of London School for an essay on Pope Gregory VII.

Ernest Bevin

Robert Pearce examines the career of the man who was successively trade union leader, Minister of Labour and Foreign Secretary.

Lord Palmerston

Mark Rathbone considers why Lord Palmerston was the dominant political leader in Britain from 1855 to 1865.