It’s Not Easy Being Green

Brazil’s cars have run on ‘green fuel’ for a century, but this has not come without costs. 

The Fiat 147 production line, 5 July 1979. Image: Fiat/Stellantis.
The Fiat 147 production line, 5 July 1979. Image: Fiat/Stellantis.

Moving away from petrol-powered vehicles is possible, as Brazil has proven. The country’s history of sugar-ethanol production provides both an inspiring vision of what a rapid shift away from petroleum might look like and a cautionary tale of the costs that come with it. Brazil’s investment in sugar-ethanol transformed an important domestic agricultural product into a national energy option, but it also produced extensive environmental and social costs that the country still struggles to address today.

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